Types of Acne Explained: Hormonal vs Bacterial vs Fungal vs Sensitive Skin Acne
Types of Acne Explained: Hormonal vs Bacterial vs Fungal vs Barrier Acne
Not all acne is the same — and treating the wrong type can make breakouts worse. This educational guide explains the different types of acne, how to tell which one you have, and why gentle, barrier-supportive care is essential — especially for sensitive skin. All recommendations follow clean beauty principles using vegan, non-toxic skincare handcrafted in Texas.
If your skin feels irritated, reactive, or worsens with traditional acne treatments, review our Sensitive Skin Care Routines before introducing actives.
How Do I Know If My Acne Is Hormonal, Bacterial, or Fungal?
The fastest way to identify your acne type is to look at location, texture, timing, and triggers.
| Type | Where It Appears | Texture & Sensation | Common Triggers |
|---|---|---|---|
| Hormonal Acne | Chin, jawline, lower cheeks | Deep, sore, cyst-like | Menstrual cycle, stress, pregnancy |
| Bacterial Acne | Face, chest, back | Red pimples, whiteheads | Clogged pores, excess oil |
| Fungal Acne | Forehead, hairline, chest | Uniform bumps, itchy | Sweat, humidity, occlusive products |
| Barrier-Related Acne | Anywhere | Small bumps, burning, redness | Over-exfoliation, harsh products |
If your skin burns, stings, or worsens with acne treatments, your barrier may be compromised. See our Skin Barrier Repair Creams guide.
What Are the Different Types of Acne?
Hormonal Acne
Hormonal acne is driven by internal shifts — estrogen, progesterone, cortisol, and androgens. It typically appears cyclically and does not respond well to drying treatments.
- Deep, tender breakouts
- Common in adults
- Often worsens with stress
Bacterial Acne
This form is associated with Cutibacterium acnes, clogged pores, and inflammation. Traditional acne products often target this type.
Fungal Acne (Malassezia)
Fungal acne is not true acne — it’s a yeast overgrowth. It is itchy, uniform, and worsens with heavy oils.
Barrier-Damaged Acne
When the skin barrier is damaged, even gentle products can trigger breakouts. This is common in sensitive skin and over-treated acne.
Learn how to protect your skin barrier in our Skin Barrier Repair Routine (AM + PM).
What Are the “4 Causes” of Acne?
Acne is not caused by four germs — it is driven by four mechanisms:
- Excess oil production
- Pore congestion
- Microbial imbalance (bacteria or yeast)
- Inflammation & barrier dysfunction
This is why aggressive acne treatments often fail — they worsen inflammation and weaken the barrier.
What Is the Hardest Type of Acne to Get Rid Of?
Hormonal acne is typically the most persistent because it is internally driven. Barrier-damaged acne is also challenging when skin is overtreated.
The most successful approach focuses on:
- Barrier repair
- Low-irritation actives
- Consistency over intensity
Acne-Safe Skincare Principles (All Types)
- Gentle cleansing only
- No harsh scrubs or stripping toners
- Hydration-first routines
- Patch testing new products
If you’re unsure how to patch test safely, read: How to Patch Test Skincare for Sensitive Skin.
FAQs: Acne Types & Diagnosis
Is eczema the same as acne?
No. Eczema is an inflammatory skin condition, while acne involves oil, pores, and microbes.
Can sensitive skin still have acne?
Yes — sensitive skin often experiences barrier-related or inflammatory acne.
Should I wash my face in the morning if my barrier is damaged?
Often no. A water rinse or hydrating mist is usually better.
Explore Related Acne & Sensitive Skin Guides
- Sensitive Skin vs Damaged Barrier vs Eczema
- 5 Signs Your Skin Barrier Is Damaged
- Sensitive Skin Care Routines
References
- American Academy of Dermatology — Acne classifications
- Cleveland Clinic — Hormonal acne insights
- DermNet — Malassezia folliculitis
- Journal of Dermatological Science — Barrier dysfunction & acne
- PubMed — Inflammatory acne pathways
Handcrafted in Texas.